This document outlines the main line rulers of Egypt relevant to the Israelites, employing a revised chronology that adjusts previous timelines by significant margins. It details the dynasties from the Middle Kingdom through the Late Kingdom and into the Ptolemaic and Roman periods, highlighting key rulers and events that intersect with biblical narratives. Notable entries include the 12th Dynasty's Amenemhat III, during which Joseph rises to power, and the 18th Dynasty's Amenhotep III, coinciding with the reigns of biblical figures like Saul and David. The document emphasizes the importance of specific dates, such as the Exodus and the return of the Jews from exile, providing a historical context that aids in understanding the timeline of Israelite history in relation to Egyptian rule. Ruling queens are annotated, and minor pharaohs from Intermediate Periods are excluded for clarity.
December 16th, 2025
February 10th, 2026
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uncategorized
Showing only those dynasties affecting the Israelites Note: From time to time, there were many minor pharaohs or local kings, particularly during the Intermediate Periods. They have been deliberately excluded to avoid complication. Ruling Queens are annotated (Q).
Middle Kingdom Period Middle Bronze Age
12th Dynasty
Span = 1813-1663 Formerly 1937-1759 (Old Chronology); i.e. a revision forwards of 124 years.
1813-1786 Amenemhat I
1786-1741 Senuseret I
1741-1731 Amenemhat II
1731-1712 Senuseret II
1712-1682 Senuseret III 1683: Joseph kidnapped.
1682-1636 Amenemhat III 1670: Joseph made Vizier to Egypt.
1662: Jews arrive.
1653-1645 Amenemhat IV (Co-Regent for 8 years) 1645: Jacob dies.
1636-1633 Neferusobek (Q)
Second Intermediate Period
13th Dynasty
Span = 1632-1440 Formerly 1759-1621 (Old Chronology); ie. a revision forwards of 127 years.
1632-1630 Khutawyre (Wegaf)
1630-1625 Sekhemkare
1625-1619 No king Interregnum exercised by Joseph.
1619-1616 Amenemhat V
1616-1611 Sehetepibre I
1611-1606 Iufni
1606-1601 Sankhibre
1601-1596 Smenkhkare c.1600: Joseph dies, aged 100+ years.
1596-1591 Sehetepibre II
1591-1586 Sewadjkare
1586-1581 Nedjemib...re
1581-1579 Sobekhotep I
1579-1578 Renseneb
1578-1573 Awibre Hor
1573-1568 Sedjef...kare
1568-1563 Sobekhotep II
1563-1558 Khendjer
1558-1553 Mermesha
1553-1548 Inyotef
1548-1543 ...set
1543-1540 Sobekhotep III
1540-1530 Neferhotep I
1540 Datum
1530-1529 Sihathor
1529-1508 Sobekhotep IV (also k/a Khenophres) 1527: Moses born.
1517: Israelites put in bondage.
1508-1503 Sobekhotep V
1503-1493 Iayib
1493-1470 Ay 1493: Moses flees into exile.
1470-1468 Sobekhotep VI
1468-1467 Sankhreensewadjtu
1467-1464 Ined
1464-1459 Hori
1457-1455 ... lost
1455-1450 ... lost
1450-1448 ... lost 1449: Moses returns from exile, aged 78.
1448-1440 Dudimose (also k/a Tutimaos) 1448-7: The ten plagues.
1447: The Exodus starts. Joshua born.
Note: There were considerable overlaps between the 14th and 17th Dynasties. In some instances amounting to 108 years.
New Kingdom Period Iron Age
18th Dynasty
Span = 1194-952 Formerly 1539-1295 (Old Chronology); i.e. a revision forwards of 345 years.
1194-1170 Ahmose
1170-1150 Amenhotep I
1150-1139 Thutmose I
1139-1138 Thutmose II
1138-1116 Hatshepsut (Q) (de facto ruler)
1138-1085 Thutmose III (Nominal Co-Regent for 22 years)
1085-1059 Amenhotep II
1059-1050 Thutmose IV
1050-1022 Amenhotep III 1037: Saul becomes King.
1022-1006 Akhenaten (Co-Regent for 11 years) 1012 Datum
1011-1007 Nefertiti (Q) (Also k/a Neferneferuaten) (Co-Regent for 4 years)
1010: David becomes King.
1006-1003 Smenkhkare
1003-995 Tutankhamun
995-979 Ay (Kheperkheperure)
979-952 Haremheb 965: Solomon becomes King.
957: 1st Temple dedicated.
19th Dynasty
Span = 952-851 Formerly 1295-1186 (Old Chronology); i.e. revision forwards of 343 years.
952-951 Ramesses I
951-936 Seti I
936-871 Ramesses II (Also k/a Shishak) 931: Solomon dies.
925: Ramesses raids 1st Temple.
871-866 Merenpath
866-862 Amenesse
862-857 Seti II
857-853 Siptah
853-851 Tausert (Q)
Note: There were considerable overlaps between the 20th and 25th Dynasties. In some instances amounting to 71 years.
Late Kingdom Period
26th Dynasty
Span = 689-525 Contemporary with rulers of 25th Dynasty for 33 years.
689-681 Ameris The Chronology henceforth remains unchanged.
681-669 Tefnakht II
669-668 Nekauba
668-664 Necho I
664-610 Psamtek I
664 Datum.
610-597 Necho II
597-583 Psamtek II 538: Jews return from exile.
31st Dynasty
Span = 525-304
525-522 Cambyses
522-494 Darius I 514: 2nd Temple dedicated.
494-380 Not known
380-362 Nectanebo I
362-343 Nectanebo II
343-335 Not known
335-332 Darius III
332-323 Alexander III
323-316 Arrhidaeus
316-304 Alexander IV
323-304 Not known
Ptolemaic Period
Span = 304-30
304-284 Ptolemy I
284-266 Ptolemy II
266-221 Ptolemy III
221-51 Not known
51-30 Cleopatra VII (Q)
44-30 Ptolemy XV
Roman Period
Span = 58BC-AD81
58-44 Caesar
44-27 Triumvirate: Antony, Lepidus & Octavian (renamed Augustus).
27BC-AD14 Augustus 6? BC: Christ is born.
4 BC: King Herod dies.
14-37 Tiberius AD 36: Christ is crucified.
37-41 Caligula
41-54 Claudius
54-68 Nero
68-69 Golba
69-69 Otho
69-69 Vitelius
69-79 Vespasian AD 70: Romans destroy 2nd Temple.
79-81 Titus